He gives an interesting description of the situation:Īs for the Macedonians, however, their struggle with Porus blunted their courage and stayed their further advance into India. Plutarch (46 – 120 CE) was a Greek historian, biographer and essayist, known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia. East of Porus’ kingdom, near the Ganges River, was the powerful kingdom of Magadha, under the Nanda Dynasty. The next year, Alexander fought a difficult battle against the Indian monarch Porus near the modern Jhelum River.
In 327 BCE Alexander the Great overran the Persian Empire and located small political entities within these territories. An inscription at Naqsh-i-Rustam, the tomb of his able successor Darius I (521-486 BCE), near Persepolis, records Gadara (Gandhara) along with Hindush (Hindus, Sindh) in the long list of satrapies of the Persian Empire.īy about 380 BC the Persian hold on Indian regions slackened and many small local kingdoms arose. This was the famous Achaemenid Dynasty of Persia.
Ĭyrus the Great (558-530 BCE) built the first universal empire, stretching from Greece to the Indus River. Long before the arrival of Alexander the Great on India’s north-western border, there are references in early Indian literature calling the Greeks Yavanas.
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